Understanding Mini-Splits

A mini-split, also known as a ductless air conditioner or heat pump system, is a compact HVAC system that can efficiently heat and cool single rooms, small apartments, and other spaces where ductwork isn’t practical or feasible. Like standard heat pump-based systems, a mini-split consists of two primary components: an outdoor compressor/condenser unit and one or more indoor air handlers that have the evaporator coil and blower. They are a versatile and efficient home comfort solution that provides both heating and cooling all in one.

HOW THEY WORK

Instead of creating hot air or cold air, it displaces heat. The outdoor condenser unit and the indoor air handler are connected by two small refrigerant pipes and the necessary power and communication wiring—all routed through a single 3-inch hole in the outer wall. This direct connection allows the units to constantly share information on indoor and outdoor conditions, boosting efficiency and allowing the system to optimize its performance based on your settings.

Those settings are handled by the mini-split’s third component—a controller in the form of a remote control or a wall-mounted thermostat. Just like a conventional system, this controller allows you to adjust the temperature, fan speed, timer, and other settings from a distance. Depending on the specific mini-split model, you may also be able to control your mini-split using voice commands or over Wi-Fi through a mobile app.

BENEFITS OF A MINI-SPLIT

Flexibility and Multi-Zone Comfort: They can zone heat or cool specific areas of your home rather than heating or cooling the entire space. Their small size allows you to have as many as four indoor units for four or more zones or rooms connected to one outdoor unit.

Easy Installation: Since there is no ductwork needed, they can be easily installed throughout your home.

Better Quality Air: Mini-splits don’t require ducts to transfer air throughout the home, instead, each of the mini-split air handlers blows air directly into the room. With a mini-split, you don’t have to worry about the allergens, dust and other debris that live in the ductwork of a home.

Understanding Traditional Ducted Heat Pumps

A heat pump is a type of central climate control system that uses electricity to move heat from one place to another, providing heating and cooling for your home. Understanding how a heat pump works can help you make informed decisions about your HVAC system.

HOW THEY WORK

In the winter, a heat pump provides heating by extracting heat from outside your home and moving it inside. In the summer, it can provide cooling by moving heat from indoors to the outside. A heat pump uses the same technology as an air conditioner, which cools your home using a refrigerant. The only major difference between an air conditioner and a heat pump is that a heat pump has a reversing valve, which allows it to also heat your home.

BENEFITS OF A HEAT PUMP

Eco-Friendly: Heat pumps excel in moderate climates and provide energy-efficient heating and cooling throughout the year. For those who live further north, new industry-changing technology now allows all regions of the U.S. – even those in the coldest climates – to take advantage of energy efficient capabilities with a cold-climate heat pump (both ducted and ductless). Heat pumps can operate efficiently during freezing temperatures, although they may be supplemented with a backup heating system to maintain comfort. Additionally, they are a great HVAC option if you’re trying to cut down on your carbon footprint since they use electricity—not gas. 

Cost Savings: Depending on utility costs, system type and geographic location, heat pumps generally can have lower operating costs compared to traditional heating systems, which can save you money long term. 

Determining the Right Solution for Your Home

Mini-split systems excel in providing efficient heating and cooling for specific areas like add-on rooms, garages, or mother-in-law suites, especially in homes without existing ductwork. On the other hand, central heat pumps are an ideal solution for homes with well-maintained ductwork or those looking for whole home comfort.

FACTORS TO CONSIDER WHEN CHOOSING A MINI-SPLIT OR HEAT PUMP

• Energy Efficiency: Heat pumps use electricity to transfer heat from the outside air to the inside in the winter and vice versa in the summer. This way, they can cool and heat your home with less energy than other systems that burn fuel or use electric resistance.
  According to the S. Department of Energy, central heat pump systems can reduce your electricity use for heating by approximately 50% compared to electric furnaces and baseboard heaters.
  Mini-splits are another energy-efficient option for your home. They use electricity to power an outdoor compressor and an indoor fan that blows air over the hot/cold evaporator coils inside to heat/cool the room. The compressor circulates the refrigerant throughout the system. The refrigerant absorbs and releases heat as it changes from liquid to gas. This process allows mini-splits to cool and heat your home without ducts.

• Climate: Heat pumps are particularly effective in regions with moderate climates, while mini-splits offer reliable performance in both heating and cooling modes, maintaining comfort and efficiency throughout the year. Make sure the model on either system can operate effectively in extreme temperatures. If you live in a region with harsh winters, choose a model with a low-temperature heating capability.

• Installation: If you already have ductwork in your home, placing a heat pump might be easier and more convenient than a mini-split by simply replacing your existing system with a heat pump and connecting to the existing ductwork. However, if you don’t have ducts, you may need to install ductwork or a ductless mini-split system might be a better option for you since they don’t require ducts. Due to their ductless design, mini-splits often have lower upfront costs and installation expenses. This design simplifies installation and reduces labor costs. 

• Home Size and Layout: Consider the size and layout of your home. Mini-splits are ideal for zoned heating and cooling in homes with diverse temperature needs. If you have a larger home with multiple rooms that require individual temperature control, a multi-zone mini-split system may be the best option. This can lead to lower electric bills, as you only heat or cool the areas you are using.

• Design Versatility: If you have a large home needing consistent heating and cooling, a heat pump may be best. However, if you have a smaller home or want to customize the temperature of each room, a mini-split may be a better option for you as they use an indoor air handler in each room you want to control.

Choosing the right system for your home can be a daunting task. There are many factors to consider, such as the size of your home, the climate of your area, your budget, and your personal preferences. However, you don’t have to do it alone. Lennox provides many mini-split and heat pump solutions. You can consult your local Lennox Pro to help you find the best solution for your needs.